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Quiz of Sunday (S03E04) - the answer


Today, fourth episode of season 3 of our Sunday quiz. And a change in the game: this will be a question for the Nostalgeek. Indeed, find photos of devices that are not referenced by Tineye and Google becomes complicated...


The scale remains the same: 2 points for the first correctly responds in comments, 1 point for the other. The question will be asked Sunday, an index will be posted on our Facebook page Monday.


Question: which processor is currently used in the Hubble telescope and how long is it?

Good luck.


Important: to avoid the "spoilers" place your answer between the following tags. [# ffffff] Your answer [/ # ffffff]. The answer will be written in white, which will avoid to see the responses of other competitors "without doing so express". Comments giving a response without being placed in these tags will be not taken into account.


As each week, there is an index on the Facebook of Tom's Hardware page. For information, the correct answer has not yet been discovered.


The answer is interesting: If Hubble was launched with a DF-224, which was coupled to a 80386 in 1993. In 1999, NASA installed a map including a 80486 processor. In 2008, the 80486 main has had a problem, and it is the "face B" card has been activated: indeed, computer systems are lined to prevent problems... The processor actuel Hubble is an installed 80486 in 1999 but put in service in 2008.

Quiz of Sunday (S03E08) - the answer


Today, the eighth episode of season 3 of our Sunday quiz. And a change in the game: this will be a question for the Nostalgeek. Indeed, find photos of devices that are not referenced by Tineye and Google becomes complicated...


The scale remains the same: 2 points for the first correctly responds in comments, 1 point for the other. The question will be asked Sunday, an index will be posted on our Facebook page Monday.


Question: what is the maximum commercial frequency for a processor x 86 without FPU?

Good luck.


Important: to avoid the "spoilers" place your answer between the following tags. [# ffffff] Your answer [/ # ffffff]. The answer will be written in white, which will avoid to see the responses of other competitors "without doing so express". Comments giving a response without being placed in these tags will be not taken into account.


Exceptionally, the index is here: the processor exceeds 100 MHz.


The processor in question is in DM & P Vortex86SX. It is officially running at 300 MHz and can rise to 366 MHz. Gravé 130 nm, this processor is an x 86 intended to the world of the embedded and based on the Rise MP6, without the FPU and L2 cache (it is the best on the motherboard, as with the original MP6). The processor is in fact a SoC (System on a Chip) integrating the chipset. A DX and a MX version exist as well, with a frequency which can reach 1 GHz.

Quiz of Sunday (S03E05) - the answer


Today, fifth episode of season 3 of our Sunday quiz. And a change in the game: this will be a question for the Nostalgeek. Indeed, find photos of devices that are not referenced by Tineye and Google becomes complicated...


The scale remains the same: 2 points for the first correctly responds in comments, 1 point for the other. The question will be asked Sunday, an index will be posted on our Facebook page Monday.



Question: what is the first Intel chipset to offer management of memory on two channels to increase flow?


As usual, an index is available on the Facebook of Tom's Hardware France.


The first chipset capable of working on two channels and double the bandwidth is not a DDR for Pentium 4 chipset / Xeon but well a chipset for the Pentium III / Xeon. It is indeed the "Carmel" i840, chipset high-end for P6 processors, capable of supporting 4 GB memory PC800 Rambus on two channels. Coupled with the first ICH, it has been used in the workstations of the time.

Update of the Tom's Hardware charts


As is the case regularly, we just update the "charts" (comparative) Tom's Hardware by adding a number of new products.


Today, it is therefore the graphics cards categories top range, USB keys, power supplies, card SD memory or hard disk 2.5 inch made to day…


Our new graphics cards test protocol includes 2 synthetic tests and different games DirectX 9, 10 and 11. Each benchmark or game is launched via 2 different settings ("gamer" and "enthusiast") to represent two different uses.


Note the arrival in our comparison of the Crossfire of Radeon HD 6950, 6970, 6850, 6870 and 6790, the SLI of GeForce GTX 580, 570, Ti 560, 560-550 it or a few models of GeForce GTX from Zotac.


Our charts of key USB compare models both USB 2.0 and USB 3.0. The memory 108 of Kingston and Silicon PowerBlaze B10 (32 GB) in particular are appearing.


Our new charts dedicated to PC power supplies incorporate both entry-level models to the good quality/price ratio products certified high-end 80 + Gold and able to feed the heavier configurations and overclockées.


SDHC and SDXC memory cards are categorized class 6, 10, 16 or UHS 1. These standards indicate a minimum MB/s transfer rate, but our test revealed significant differences between different memory cards.


Our new charts hard drives with the measurement of time of access, flows, performance in input/output and in current applications, consumption and report performance/watt.

"With Sen.se, it prepares the era post-PC".

Last week, we were able to meet Rafi Haladjian, to talk about the evolution of objects connected to the Internet. Rafi Haladjian, is a French businessman who is known for having participated in FranceNet (one of the first FAI), Ozone (a provider of Wi - Fi networks) or Violet, the company responsible for the internationally known Wi - Fi, the Nabaztag rabbit.



What is interesting is the vision for long-term Rafi Haladjian: he thinks already - as Steve Jobs - era post-PC, considering that we are only at the beginning of Internet, which is logical enough: it is a medium in constant reinvention that is relatively young. But unlike Apple pattern which sees the iPad and tablets as the successors of the PC, it goes further. For him, a Tablet is not fundamentally different from a PC or even a Minitel: this is a consultation apparatus, which seeks a voluntary action. The goal is to reach the final, with transparent systems for the user, that this last do should not suggest to do an action, whether it is already made.


Rafi Haladjian has worked for a time on a project called Sen.se, a platform to aggregate data for a meaning. The idea is to recover the data from the user, that it be recovered automatically deferred manner, or with "intelligent" devices by action of the user, for example the number of coffee drank every day. And then, with Open Sen.se, it will be possible to "talk" data, to the mashup, pass information, etc. The idea is to give meaning to the data in interpreting Interestingly (and why playful step) for the user.


It is quite interesting, because for the moment, which retrieve data are enough "autistic". For example a scale Wi - Fi. The apparatus is interesting, the functions also. But the balance is that retrieve the weight (and some other information) without really analyze. For many people, the interest is therefore rather limited. By crossing and in interpreting the data, can define what time the person rises generally (overall time of weighing...), its decision-making (or loss) curve of weight and same - cutting data with geolocation services - which restaurants are growing.


Another interesting point, the Sen.se company will offer intelligent objects by 2012. Without disclosing the associated constructors, Rafi Haladjian indicates that manufacturers of cars, companies working in the household appliance and furniture manufacturers work with Sen.se. Take the example of the analysis of the quality of sleep: currently, few solutions are to wear a sensor on the body, which is binding, or to use an application on a smartphone, to be launched and which prevents from using the device. Term, the mattress itself will integrate sensors and will measure the quality of sleep without user intervention. And if the technology democratizes, it is even possible to imagine systems of crowd sourcing the data themselves.


In the end, we realize that our perception of "intelligent" objects is distorted, with examples known as the Nabaztag. The years 2010 objects are more neutral, more discrete, more effective. And it is logical enough: the famous rabbit WiFi is finally enough former and date of 2005.


Remains to be seen if the enthusiasm and ideas of Rafi Haladjian will have impact in our lives and if other companies will follow the same route.

The drivers and firmware of the week


As every week, here's our topic of different drivers and firmware that builders have put online these days. Graphics drivers for storage or network, Windows or Linux: everyone will be served!


Driver for the d family Sound Blaster X - Fi Creative sound cards (Elite Pro, Fatal1ty, Platinum,...). Available for Windows XP, Vista and 7 (32/64 bits).


Driver for the network cards equipped with chipset 8256x, 8257x or 8258x. Available for Linux (32/64).


Driver for network cards equipped with chipset 82575, 82576, 82580 or i350. Available for Linux (32/64).


Driver for the network cards equipped with chipset 82598 and 82599. Available for Linux (32/64).


-Asrock Z68 Extreme7 Gen3 1.20
-Asrock D67 Extreme6 1.80
-Asrock N68 - VS3 UCC 1.20
-Asrock N68 - S3 UCC 1.60
-Asrock N68C-S UCC 1.60
-Asrock N68C-GS UCC 1.60
-Asrock 880GMH/U3S3 1.50
-Asrock 870 Extreme3 2.0 1.50

AMD FX Zambezi: under $ 250, launch on 12/10


The latest rumours were State of a launch of the first AMD FX "Zambezi" for the month of October, which is a slight delay to the originally scheduled date (September for the first four models). According to our colleagues from the Donanimhaber site, it would be more exactly on 12 October that the first three FX Zambezi - namely the 6100 FX, FX-8120 and FX-8150 - should see the day.


FX-6100 is a model of six cores processors to 3.3 GHz (3.9 GHz in Turbo mode), 6 MB cache L2 and 8 MB of L3 cache, all for a TDP up to 95W. For their part, the FX-8120 and FX-8150 are processors octocores processors respectively 3.1 GHz (4 GHz in Turbo mode) and 3.6 GHz (4.2 GHz in Turbo). They embark 8 MB of L2 cache and 8 MB of L3 cache and display a TDP 95W for the first and second 125W.


Last point, and not least: the price. FX-8150 should be proposed under the bar of the 250 dollars (245 dollars to be precise), against 205 dollars for FX-8120 and only 175 dollars for FX-6100. "Wait and see"...

Snapdragon S4: Kraits quadricore in 2012

The information arrive on the next SoC at Qualcomm, "S4". If S1, S2 and S3 are already available, the S4 are expected in 2012. Los of our last meeting with Qualcomm, we learned that the S4 (which had not yet this name) dual core went out before the end of the year, now it is known that the quad core S4 are expected for early 2012, with probably the announcements at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona in February.

S4 is the future high of Qualcomm. The SoC will integrate support for the 4 G (LTE) technology and a CPU based on Kraits. Qualcomm is one of the rare companies to propose RAM architecture processors based on a core "House." If Scorpion, the current CPU, moves between the Cortex A8 and Cortex A9 at the level of performance, Kraits should place themselves between the Cortex A9 and Cortex future, A15. And as Qualcomm has historically more facilities to frequency than the others, this processor might be a good surprise. Typically, Qualcomm reached 1 GHz in 65 nm and 1.5 GHz in 45 nm there where the ARM chips are limited to 1.2 GHz in 45 nm. In the S4 range, should be one to four cores Kraits with a frequency that can reach 2.5 GHz 28 nm.

For the graphic part is an Adreno which will be part, with two or four "cores". Adreno is from chip of the redemption of the ATi range a few years ago and its performance are very correct in the mobile world. Some versions should be compatible with Direct3D 9.3 and thus directly with Windows 8 ARM version.

As seen, if NVIDIA will draw the first for the next generation of chips with Kal - El (future Tegra 3?), the competition is also.

NVIDIA Tegra Kal - El: a 5th heart surprise!


NVIDIA released the architecture of its future chip Tegra Kal - El. This SoC that will very likely be the first ARM Xeon market includes an original technology to control consumption: Variable Symmetric Multiprocessing (vSMP). It is neither more nor less than to add a 5th heart very low frequency.


Kal - El is therefore not a Xeon but a pentacoeur. The fifth, called heart companion, is functionally identical to the other Nvidia (ARM Cortex A9). But it is engraved following a different process, a variant of the 40 nm TSMC optimized for low consumption. In other words, it cannot operate at frequencies levelled as high as these brothers (it off at 500 MHz), but in Exchange, it requires a lower voltage and therefore consumes much less power.



This fifth wheel of the bus takes over from the other four hearts for tasks very few gourmandes in CPU power: relieved of emails in background, synchronizations, audio listening, video playback, etc. When CPU load is more important, Kal - El switches on his hearts high frequency, the heart being disabled Companion. Their activation is also progressive also (see opposite picture).


In the end, while Kal - El offers raw power twice Tegra 2, it can consume up to 60% less video and even read 34% less in a game.



This toggle management complex between 5 fact hearts appeal both to dedicated circuits and a software component of low level. However, NVIDIA ensures that no changes should be made to the OS (Android Honeycomb) or applications. All hearts are identical, the presence of the companion is transparent to the OS. In addition, the five Cortex A9 use a level 2 common cache. According Nvidia measures, time the rocking of the heart companion to major hearts is less than 2 ms and does not result in noticeable latency.


The only point that Nvidia keeps well to talk about is the size of Kal - El: with 2.5 times more than hearts Tegra 2, the same fineness of engraving, hearts larger given the addition of a SIMD unit a GPU with more units and circuits dedicated to management of the vSMP, Kal - El will necessarily be a big chip. It will be expensive to produce and difficult to integrate into smartphones that the public wants always fine and light.

The Asus Transformer 2: aluminium and Kal - El

The transforming of Asus Tablet has had some success, the company already preparing suite: EeePAD Transformer 2, alias TF201.



The transforming of Asus Tablet has had some success, the company already preparing suite: EeePAD Transformer 2, alias TF201. And according to our colleagues, this tablet will propose a hull aluminum like the UX21, the Asus ultrabook. Best used SoC - chip integrates CPU, the GPU, the memory controller, etc. - would be a "Kal - El, the successor of Tegra 2.


Reminder, Kal - El will be a kind of Tegra 2 boosted: 4 cores Cortex A9 (more exactly 4 + 1), a GeForce ULP faster, faster memory controller. Early returns indicate a quite interesting gain between Tegra 2 and Kal - El: it would of 29.2 fps on Tegra 2 to 53 fps on Kal - El with GLBenchmark 720 p test "Egypt offscreen. It's quick, even if the iPad 2 and its GPU oversized remains the reference with 85 fps in the same case and that the Exynos of the Galaxy Samsung S2 reached 42 fps with its 400MP4 Mali.


In the end, Asus should propose a speedy Tablet and especially convince users with one of its big advantages: its detachable physical keyboard.

LucidLogix: Virtu passes to the HyperFormance

LucidLogix, originally the Hydra chipsets and Virtu software solution company, recently announced a new technology called HyperFormance in a new version of their software.

Unveiled at the end of last year, launched earlier this year, Virtu allows for callback use the GPU of the Sandy Bridge processors and a dedicated graphics card. LucidLogix solution is able to choose which graphics card to use and activate the IGP or the dedicated adapter, the needs (Office Automation, 3D,...).

Virtu Universal MVP integrates therefore HyperFormance, a technology that allows - at least on paper - to improve the responsiveness of the games and the Visual quality by reducing redundant tasks between the CPU and the GPU, and between the GPU and the display device. LucidLogix does not specify exactly what criteria its solution basis for deciding what should or not be calculated and displayed. However, one can imagine that HyperFormance analyzes the parts of the image that have not been modified, and it is not necessary to recalculate and return to the display buffer.

Virtu Universal MVP is also capable of taking in charge of the frequency of 120 Hz refresh, making it compatible to this software with 3D solutions. It remains therefore more to wait until motherboards manufacturers and integrators adopt the new LucidLogix… multi-GPU solution

Mebromi: the virus that replaces your BIOS

If talking about for years of viruses (and other malware) capable of dealing with the BIOS, nothing really effective was outside CIH/Chernobyl in the ' 90s (and fortunately). But this is no longer the case: a new malware, Mebromi, uses in effect the BIOS of the computer as a vector of spread.

Unlike ICH which completely cleared the BIOS of the computer, Mebromi changes it to remain in the computer even if the hard disk is formatted or replaced. The operation is quite simple: the program will save the BIOS, change some internal routines and then the new BIOS flasher, without either visible to the user. Once this is done, it will automatically infect the MBR (which is the map of the partitions on the hard disk).

Fortunately, Mebromi has a few limitations. First, it does address what type Award BIOS, so the friend, Phoenix and other UEFI are not vulnerable. Then, it does work only on 32-bit Windows systems and administrator accounts only. Finally, as the program infects the MBR, the hard drives that use a different partition scheme are not vulnerable.

Remains a problem: disinfection. The classic full format has no effect and it is therefore necessary to Flash the BIOS with a "clean" version, in the hope that it exists...

Archos, the Turbo and the OMAP4

Une carte de développement OMAP

The saga of the frequency of the processors in Archos continues: the pre-announcement several months ago talked of processors at 1.6 GHz. The announcement last June was "limited" to 1.5 GHz (which is above the competition). A few days ago we learned that the entry-level tablets work at 1 GHz and 1.5 GHz (Turbo) range top models, with output in October. And the latest information, in an official press release the company indicates that available since yesterday shelves are well timed to 1 GHz, expected in October will be timed to 1.2 GHz and 1.5 GHz models will be available only in 2012.

The first thing is that Archos was awaiting a series 4460 OMAP4: a chip with two Cortex A9 at 1.5 GHz and a PowerVR SGX540 384 MHz. This chip was not available for the announcement and does not always seem to be present, in any case not in mass. The other chip used by Archos on the "classic" versions, it is the OMAP4430. This SoC (smart all-in-one) is compatible with the 4460 pine pine but works less quickly: both at the level of the processor - 1.2 GHz maximum - and at the level of the GPU, running at 304 MHz. In view of the "Turbo" to 1.2 GHz, is the chip that is used in the range.

If Archos highlights problems of Texas Instrument on its chip - which seems clear-, there is another problem that society overshadows a little: Ice Cream Sandwich, the next version of Android, will offer a platform of reference based on the OMAP4 (such as Honeycomb uses Tegra 2). From there to think that Texas Instrument retains its chips for "large" manufacturers and Android tablets, there is will not take that one not... that us not.

Gumstix: Linux on a chewing gum Tablet

Gumstix, a company specialized in small computers, proposes a new model, the Overo Sand. As the company name suggests, the devices are the size of a chewing gum tablet.

The Overo Sand measures 5.8 x 1.7 x 0.5 mm and incorporates an SoC Texas Instrument OMAP, a Texas Instruments OMAP 3503 family. This SoC integrates a CPU ARM Cortex A8 600 MHz (as in many smartphones in 2009) but misunderstands the GPU. The Overo Sand has connectors for Gumstix accessories (cameras, for example), 256 MB of RAM and a microSD for storage location.

Faster versions (720 MHz) and incorporating the SoC with GPU (and HDMI output) and the Wi - Fi also exist.

The Overo Sand can run under Linux and is sold $115.